Cluster headache

Severe, one-sided headaches that occur in clusters over weeks.

Overview

Cluster headache is an intense, one-sided headache centred around the eye, occurring in bouts or clusters. It is a primary headache disorder needing medical management; recognising its pattern is important for appropriate referral.

Symptoms

  • Severe one-sided pain around the eye or temple
  • Attacks lasting 15 minutes to a few hours
  • Watering eye, nasal congestion or redness on the affected side
  • Restlessness during attacks

Causes

  • Disturbance of the brain's internal clock
  • Triggers such as alcohol during a cluster period
  • Genetic predisposition in some people

Treatment

  • Prompt medical management and referral
  • Avoiding triggers during cluster periods
  • Specialist-guided preventive treatment
  • Education about the pattern of attacks