Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury

A sprain of the ligament on the inner side of the knee.

Overview

An MCL injury is a sprain of the ligament on the inner knee, usually from a force to the outer knee or a twist. Most MCL injuries heal well with bracing, activity modification and graded rehabilitation.

Symptoms

  • Pain on the inner side of the knee
  • Swelling and tenderness over the ligament
  • A feeling of instability with side movements
  • Pain with valgus (knock-knee) stress

Causes

  • A blow to the outer knee
  • Twisting injuries
  • Sports with contact and pivoting

Treatment

  • Early protection and bracing
  • Graded strengthening and movement
  • Balance and control work
  • Criteria-based return to sport