Nonspecific low back pain

The most common form of back pain, where no single structure can be identified as the clear source.

Overview

Nonspecific low back pain accounts for the large majority of back pain presentations. It means pain is felt in the lumbar region without a specific, identifiable pathology such as a fracture, infection or nerve compression. Most episodes are mechanical, settle within a few weeks, and respond well to staying active and gradually loading the spine.

Symptoms

Dull, aching or sharp pain across the lower back
Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting
Pain that eases with movement and worsens with prolonged static postures
Occasional referral into the buttock or upper thigh

Causes

Sudden or unaccustomed loading (lifting, twisting)
Prolonged sitting or poor movement variety
Periods of high stress, poor sleep or low activity
Deconditioning of the trunk and hip muscles

Treatment

Reassurance and education - most episodes settle
Staying active and avoiding prolonged bed rest
Graded exercise and progressive loading
Manual therapy and short-term pain relief as adjuncts