Osteoporosis

Reduced bone density that increases the risk of fractures.

Overview

Osteoporosis is a condition of reduced bone density and strength, increasing the risk of fractures, especially of the hip, spine and wrist. It is usually painless until a fracture occurs. Exercise, nutrition and medical management reduce risk.

Symptoms

Often no symptoms until a fracture occurs
Fractures from minor falls or knocks
Loss of height or stooped posture over time
Back pain if spinal fractures occur

Causes

Age-related bone loss
Hormonal changes, especially after menopause
Low calcium or vitamin D, inactivity and smoking

Treatment

Weight-bearing and strengthening exercise
Adequate calcium and vitamin D
Falls-prevention strategies
Medical treatment to protect bone