Shoulder instability & dislocation

Excessive movement or slipping of the shoulder joint, sometimes with dislocation.

Overview

Shoulder instability ranges from a feeling of looseness to full dislocation. It can follow trauma or arise from generalised laxity. Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening and control, with surgical opinion for recurrent traumatic instability.

Symptoms

  • A sense of the shoulder slipping or giving way
  • Apprehension with the arm overhead or behind
  • Pain after a dislocation or subluxation
  • Reduced confidence in the shoulder

Causes

  • A traumatic dislocation
  • Generalised joint laxity
  • Repetitive overhead loading

Treatment

  • Rotator cuff and scapular strengthening
  • Control and proprioception training
  • Activity and sport modification
  • Surgical opinion for recurrent traumatic instability