Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction

Overview

Temporomandibular dysfunction is an umbrella term for pain and limited movement of the jaw joint and chewing muscles. It often relates to clenching, stress and habits, and usually improves with education, jaw exercise and load management.

Symptoms

• Jaw pain or ache, often near the ear
• Clicking or limited mouth opening
• Pain with chewing or yawning
• Headaches or facial muscle tightness

Causes

• Clenching or grinding (bruxism)
• Stress and muscle tension
• Joint or disc irritation within the jaw

Treatment

• Education and habit awareness
• Jaw mobility and control exercises
• Stress and load management
• Manual therapy and dental input where needed