Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury

Overview

An anterior cruciate ligament injury typically occurs during a sudden change of direction, deceleration or landing. It often involves a 'pop', rapid swelling and a feeling of instability, and may be managed with rehabilitation or surgical reconstruction.

Symptoms

• A 'pop' at the time of injury
• Rapid knee swelling
• A sense of the knee giving way
• Difficulty with pivoting and cutting

Causes

• Twisting or pivoting injuries
• Awkward landing or deceleration
• Contact injuries in sport

Treatment

• Early swelling and movement management
• Progressive strengthening and neuromuscular training
• Criteria-based return to sport
• Surgical reconstruction where indicated